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Basement Moisture Problems

Nearly every home has a basement moisture problems, assuming there is a basement in the home. The basic reason is that the basement, or part of it, is below ground level. A basement in modern homes is an extension of the living space in addition to an area for storage, and a place for the utilities such as; furnace, boiler, hot water heater, and water tank. There are several different styles of basements from day light (essentially a walkout), to lookouts where there are windows in the basement that permit a view outside.

For clarification of terms a cellar is not a basement but is often referred to as such. Although a cellar is a type of basement it is primarily used for the storage of food and drink (wine) for use throughout the year. A cellar by design is intended to remain at a constant cool (not freezing) temperature all year round, approximately 60 degrees. They are more common in older houses than in modern houses and are not intended for living space although they serve as an excellent shelter from tornadoes in some parts of the country. Moisture in a cellar is not considered a problem because they are not intend to be used as living space.

Because basements are in part or in whole below ground there are several things that cause moisture to accumulate. First the difference in the temperature between the earth on the outside wall (foundation) and below the concrete floor. In modern construction basement sealing with vapor barriers are placed beneath the the concrete floor and the foundation is sprayed with a moisture sealant in an attempt to keep out the moisture. Although these methods are effective they do not keep all the moisture at bay. In addition, a lot of the moisture comes from the cold water tank and water pipe sweating due to the difference in temperature of the basement and the water.

It isn’t common for basements to have visible water leaks in modern home construction where crushed stone is used below the concrete floor and foundation drains are installed to carry water away from the building. Prior to installing foundation drainage it was quite common for water seepage into the basement following a heavy rain, sometime a great deal of water. Sump pumps were the solution to get rid of the water however the basement moisture problems remain. Installing gutters to take rain water away from the building also helps remedy the problem.

Painting the inside foundation walls with a moisture inhibitor paint helps but cannot solve the problem of the temperature difference between the outside and the inside of the basement. The practical solution is to install a dehumidifier as a DIY project. In a typical basement as dehumidifier will abstract five or more gallons of moisture a day during the warm summer season and significantly less during the drier winter season.

If you have a wet basement from moisture problems I recommend the following:

  • Eliminate all the possible water leakage points.

  • Insulate all cold water pipes.

  • Insure that external windows and doors are well insulated.

  • Install gutters to take rain water away from the foundation.

  • Install a dehumidifier.

Basements with excessive moisture are not a healthy living space environment and should be resolved as soon as possible.

See:

Installing a Dehumidifier 

Foundation Drainage System

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