Mixing Cement

There are many DIY projects around the house that require using cement and knowing how to mix cement; however the language of cement is sometimes confusing. There is the difference between cement, concrete, and mortar and it is important to know the difference so we use the correct application for the job we want to do. Cement is a general term for a bonding agent for sand, aggregate, and water to create mortar or concrete. Around the home we use cement for a variety of DIY home improvement projects such as; making footings for deck posts, sidewalks, and to build brick or stone structures.

The most common term we use in cement language is Portland cement. It is pure cement that is purchased in 80 pound bags. You must know how to mix cement with the proper amount of sand and aggregate for the mixture to be called concrete. If we leave out the aggregate and put in some lime we have a mortar mix. Mortar is used when we want to really stick things together such as brick or stone.

The basic mixture ratio for concrete is 1 part of Portland cement to 1 part of sand, 1 part of aggregate (small stone), and 24 parts of water. Pre-mixed cement comes in two basic forms, concrete and mortar. It consists of the correct mixture of Portland cement, sand and or aggregate for the desired job. All that is required is to mix water.  Pre-mix concrete and mortar is not the same, they have different purposes so make sure that you make the correct choice if you purchase a pre-mix. Mortar has lime mixed with the Portland cement and sand to give it the adhesive quality to stick things together.

When working with cement keep in mind that it dries rather quickly. The work areas should be prepared before mixing the cement mixture. To avoid quick dry out keep the mixture wet by adding a little water and mix it frequently. Mix in small quantities’ to avoid excessive dry out. For small jobs a wheel barrel is adequate. For large jobs such as walkways, small footings, or post holes you may require a cement mixer. For the real large jobs such as driveways or foundations I recommend that you call the big cement truck for a delivery.

 Wet cement is very heavy so be aware of your limitations and safety. Don't overextend yourself when lifting, mixing, or pouring cement. Wear heavy-duty work gloves and boots. Cement contains somewhat hazardous ingredients, such as lime and drying chemicals, so work in a ventilated area and avoid touching the dry mix or the wet cement for any extended period of time. The chemicals can irritate or even burn your skin.

To know how to mix cement is critical for cement projects to hold up to the weather and last for years. Keep these suggestions in mind for your next cement project.